关于城市公共危机管理的思考

介绍了危机管理的基本概念和基本思想,阐述了危机管理在城市防灾体系中的重要意义。在理论分析的基础上通过实例,说明在目前公共安全资源普遍短缺的现实背景下,在构建城市防灾体系的过程中,如何将危机管理的理念引入并加以科学应用,对于提高我国城市防灾减灾体系效能有着决定性的作用。     

多输出性能下的重要性测度指标及其求解方法

针对基于马氏距离的重要性测度存在的问题,提出了基于谱分解加权摩尔彭罗斯马氏距离的重要性测度指标,通过构造多输出协方差阵的广义逆矩阵以及谱分解的策略,有效解决了协方差阵求逆奇异情况以及由于未能充分考虑多输出之间的相互关系而导致的错误识别重要变量的问题,克服了基于马氏距离指标的局限性。数值算例与工程算例结果表明:所提重要性测度可以更加准确地获得输入变量对结构系统多输出性能随机取值特征贡献的排序,从而为可靠性设计提供充分的信息。     

Parallel machine scheduling with eligibility constraints: A composite dispatching rule to minimize total weighted tardiness

We study a parallel machine scheduling problem, where a job j can only be processed on a specific subset of machines M_j, and the M_j subsets of the n jobs are nested. We develop a two‐phase heuristic for minimizing the total weighted tardiness subject to the machine eligibility constraints. In the first phase, we compute the factors and statistics that characterize a problem instance. In the second phase, we propose a new composite dispatching rule, the Apparent Tardiness Cost with Flexibility considerations (ATCF) rule, which is governed by several scaling parameters of which the values are determined by the factors obtained in the first phase. The ATCF rule is a generalization of the well‐known ATC rule which is very widely used in practice. We further discuss how to improve the dispatching rule using some simple but powerful properties without requiring additional computation time, and the improvement is quite satisfactory. We apply the Sequential Uniform Design Method to design our experiments and conduct an extensive computational study, and we perform tests on the performance of the ATCF rule using a real data set from a large hospital in China. We further compare its performance with that of the classical ATC rule. We also compare the schedules improved by the ATCF rule with what we believe are Near Optimal schedules generated by a general search procedure. The computational results show that especially with a low due date tightness, the ATCF rule performs significantly better than the well‐known ATC rule generating much improved schedules that are close to the Near Optimal schedules. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 249–267, 2017     

基于ExtendSim的空降训练主要因素优化仿真

针对空降训练的准备、实施、返回3个阶段,基于ExtendSim计算机模拟仿真技术,对空降训练的整个过程进行仿真,通过对仿真结果进行综合分析,对飞机使用数量、投放员数量和跳伞员准备情况影响空降训练实施的主要因素进行优化处理。     

带渐变过渡型提取结构的Ku波段磁绝缘线振荡器

提出了一种渐变过渡型的微波同轴提取结构,解决了采用传统的均匀同轴提取结构的Ku波段磁绝缘线振荡器中存在的输出模式不纯和TEM模传输效率较低的问题。模拟结果表明,渐变过渡型提取结构实现了微波的高效提取和单一的同轴TEM模输出;过渡后的同轴结构利于支撑杆的设计,满足了同轴TEM模的传输要求。与传统的均匀同轴提取结构相比,渐变过渡型提取结构能够适量提高器件的品质因数,进而加强束波作用,加快微波起振。     

基于满意度的通信保障方案优选方法

针对当前通信保障方案缺少科学有效的评估方法,提出一种基于满意度的优选方法。从保障性、可靠性、时效性和经济性等4个方面,建立了评价指标体系;结合各个评价指标的特点,给出了具体量化方法,克服了评价时的主观性,并对量化后的结果进行了规范化处理;利用满意度理论,通过求解一系列关于指标权重的线性规划问题,确定了各评价指标的权重值;计算各预选方案的综合效能值,确定最终排序。最后,结合某次通信保障案例,对4个预选方案进行比较,该方法计算结果与实际相符,证明了其有效性。     

直接耦合干扰的自适应两级补偿方法

针对水下电磁探测系统对直接耦合干扰的补偿精度受限于硬件采样分辨率的问题,研究了基于自适应技术的直接耦合干扰两级补偿方法。采用高速 DSP 芯片实现直接耦合干扰补偿电路,完成直接耦合干扰的粗调补偿;提出了基于可变遗忘因子的 QRD-LS 算法,并采用基于该算法的自适应陷波器实现了直接耦合干扰的微调补偿。实验研究验证了两级补偿方法对直接耦合干扰的补偿性能。结果表明：基于可变遗忘因子的QRD-LS 算法稳定性好,收敛速度快;基于该算法的自适应两级补偿方法对直接耦合干扰的补偿精度达到10－4倍。     

Stochastic scheduling subject to machine breakdowns: The preemptive‐repeat model with discounted reward and other criteria

We consider the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single machine subject to random breakdowns. We focus on the preemptive‐repeat model, which addresses the situation where, if a machine breaks down during the processing of a job, the work done on the job prior to the breakdown is lost and the job will have to be started from the beginning again when the machine resumes its work. We allow that (i) the uptimes and downtimes of the machine follow general probability distributions, (ii) the breakdown process of the machine depends upon the job being processed, (iii) the processing times of the jobs are random variables following arbitrary distributions, and (iv) after a breakdown, the processing time of a job may either remain a same but unknown amount, or be resampled according to its probability distribution. We first derive the optimal policy for a class of problems under the criterion to maximize the expected discounted reward earned from completing all jobs. The result is then applied to further obtain the optimal policies for other due date‐related criteria. We also discuss a method to compute the moments and probability distributions of job completion times by using their Laplace transforms, which can convert a general stochastic scheduling problem to its deterministic equivalent. The weighted squared flowtime problem and the maintenance checkup and repair problem are analyzed as applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

垃圾评论自动过滤方法

针对互联网上存在的大量垃圾评论,提出一种基于电阻网络的垃圾评论检测方法,该方法用电阻距离来度量评论之间的上下文语义相似性,把整个评论数据表示成一个电阻网络,把垃圾评论当作该网络上的语义离群点来处理,根据网络节点对电阻网络平均电能消耗的影响,建立电离群因子来度量数据的离群程度,以此来识别垃圾评论。实验证明了该方法的有效性,在多个数据集上取得了较好的效果。     

影响工科类高职院校高等数学教学质量因素的分析——以新疆高等职业院校为例

通过对工科类高职院校高等数学学生与专业教师的调研,就学生在数学的学习兴趣、学习习惯、学习方法、学习态度、认知水平和基本能力以及专业教师对高等数学的认识等诸多方面影响教学质量的因素进行分析,进一步提出提高高等数学教学质量的策略。